MySQL 安装
Windows 安装
-
推荐选择:
mysql-installer-web-community
(轻量,安装时在线下载组件)- 或
mysql-installer-community
(完整版)
-
下载后运行
.msi
文件,选择默认安装方式(Developer Default),点击下一步。 -
设置 root 密码、添加用户(可选)。
-
安装完成后使用以下命令进入 MySQL:
mysql -u root -p
Linux 安装
基于 RPM 手动安装 MySQL 8.0.42(适用于 RHEL / CentOS / Rocky 9)
安装依赖
sudo yum -y install openssl-devel net-tools
下载并解压 RPM 包
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
tar -xf mysql-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
cd mysql-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle/
卸载系统默认的 MariaDB(如有)
yum list installed | grep mariadb
yum -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64
安装 MySQL RPM 包(顺序不可乱)
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
可选包:如果需要兼容老软件链接库:
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
初始化数据库
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
初始化完成后,会在日志中生成 root 初始密码:
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
启动 MySQL 服务
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld
登录并修改 root 密码
mysql -u root -p
首次登录后执行以下 SQL:
-- 替换为你自己的安全密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'qwer1234';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
开启远程访问权限(可选)
USE mysql;
UPDATE user SET host='%' WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
修改配置文件支持远程连接:
sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
添加或修改以下内容:
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
重启服务:
sudo systemctl restart mysqld