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MySQL 安装

Windows 安装

  1. 前往官网下载页面:
    https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/installer/

  2. 推荐选择:

    • mysql-installer-web-community(轻量,安装时在线下载组件)
    • mysql-installer-community(完整版)
  3. 下载后运行 .msi 文件,选择默认安装方式(Developer Default),点击下一步。

  4. 设置 root 密码、添加用户(可选)。

  5. 安装完成后使用以下命令进入 MySQL:

    mysql -u root -p

Linux 安装

基于 RPM 手动安装 MySQL 8.0.42(适用于 RHEL / CentOS / Rocky 9)

安装依赖

sudo yum -y install openssl-devel net-tools

下载并解压 RPM 包

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
tar -xf mysql-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
cd mysql-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle/

卸载系统默认的 MariaDB(如有)

yum list installed | grep mariadb
yum -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

安装 MySQL RPM 包(顺序不可乱)

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

可选包:如果需要兼容老软件链接库:

rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.42-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

初始化数据库

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

初始化完成后,会在日志中生成 root 初始密码:

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

启动 MySQL 服务

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

登录并修改 root 密码

mysql -u root -p

首次登录后执行以下 SQL:

-- 替换为你自己的安全密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'qwer1234';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

开启远程访问权限(可选)

USE mysql;
UPDATE user SET host='%' WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

修改配置文件支持远程连接:

sudo vi /etc/my.cnf

添加或修改以下内容:

[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0

重启服务:

sudo systemctl restart mysqld